Next: Preprocessing Fortran 77, Up: Fortran 77 Support [Contents][Index]
The Autoconf Fortran support is divided into two categories: legacy
Fortran 77 macros (F77), and modern Fortran macros (FC).
The former are intended for traditional Fortran 77 code, and have output
variables like F77, FFLAGS, and FLIBS. The latter
are for newer programs that can (or must) compile under the newer
Fortran standards, and have output variables like FC,
FCFLAGS, and FCLIBS.
Except for the macros AC_FC_SRCEXT, AC_FC_FREEFORM,
AC_FC_FIXEDFORM, and AC_FC_LINE_LENGTH (see below), the
FC and F77 macros behave almost identically, and so they
are documented together in this section.
Determine a Fortran 77 compiler to use. If F77 is not already
set in the environment, then check for g77 and f77, and
then some other names. Set the output variable F77 to the name
of the compiler found.
This macro may, however, be invoked with an optional first argument
which, if specified, must be a blank-separated list of Fortran 77
compilers to search for. This just gives the user an opportunity to
specify an alternative search list for the Fortran 77 compiler. For
example, if you didn’t like the default order, then you could invoke
AC_PROG_F77 like this:
AC_PROG_F77([fl32 f77 fort77 xlf g77 f90 xlf90])
If using a compiler that supports GNU Fortran 77,
set the shell variable G77 to ‘yes’.
If the output variable FFLAGS was not already set in the
environment, set it to -g -02 for g77 (or -O2
where the GNU Fortran 77 compiler does not accept -g), or
-g for other compilers.
The result of the GNU test is cached in the
ac_cv_f77_compiler_gnu variable, acceptance of -g in the
ac_cv_prog_f77_g variable.
Determine a Fortran compiler to use. If FC is not already set in
the environment, then dialect is a hint to indicate what Fortran
dialect to search for; the default is to search for the newest available
dialect. Set the output variable FC to the name of the compiler
found.
By default, newer dialects are preferred over older dialects, but if
dialect is specified then older dialects are preferred starting
with the specified dialect. dialect can currently be one of
Fortran 77, Fortran 90, or Fortran 95. However, this is only a hint of
which compiler name to prefer (e.g., f90 or f95),
and no attempt is made to guarantee that a particular language standard
is actually supported. Thus, it is preferable that you avoid the
dialect option, and use AC_PROG_FC only for code compatible with
the latest Fortran standard.
This macro may, alternatively, be invoked with an optional first argument
which, if specified, must be a blank-separated list of Fortran
compilers to search for, just as in AC_PROG_F77.
If using a compiler that supports GNU Fortran,
set the shell variable GFC to ‘yes’.
If the output variable FCFLAGS was not already set in the
environment, then set it to -g -02 for a GNU Fortran compiler (or
-O2 where the compiler does not accept -g), or
-g for other compilers.
The result of the GNU test is cached in the ac_cv_fc_compiler_gnu
variable, acceptance of -g in the ac_cv_prog_fc_g
variable.
Test whether the Fortran compiler accepts the options -c and
-o simultaneously, and define F77_NO_MINUS_C_MINUS_O or
FC_NO_MINUS_C_MINUS_O, respectively, if it does not.
The result of the test is cached in the ac_cv_prog_f77_c_o or
ac_cv_prog_fc_c_o variable, respectively.
The following macros check for Fortran compiler characteristics.
To check for characteristics not listed here, use
AC_COMPILE_IFELSE (see Running the Compiler) or
AC_RUN_IFELSE (see Runtime), making sure to first set the
current language to Fortran 77 or Fortran via AC_LANG([Fortran 77])
or AC_LANG(Fortran) (see Language Choice).
Determine the linker flags (e.g., -L and -l) for the
Fortran intrinsic and runtime libraries that are required to
successfully link a Fortran program or shared library. The output
variable FLIBS or FCLIBS is set to these flags (which
should be included after LIBS when linking).
This macro is intended to be used in those situations when it is necessary to mix, e.g., C++ and Fortran source code in a single program or shared library (see Mixing Fortran 77 With C and C++).
For example, if object files from a C++ and Fortran compiler must be linked together, then the C++ compiler/linker must be used for linking (since special C++-ish things need to happen at link time like calling global constructors, instantiating templates, enabling exception support, etc.).
However, the Fortran intrinsic and runtime libraries must be linked in as well, but the C++ compiler/linker doesn’t know by default how to add these Fortran 77 libraries. Hence, this macro was created to determine these Fortran libraries.
The macros AC_F77_DUMMY_MAIN and AC_FC_DUMMY_MAIN or
AC_F77_MAIN and AC_FC_MAIN are probably also necessary to
link C/C++ with Fortran; see below. Further, it is highly recommended
that you use AC_CONFIG_HEADERS (see Defining Symbols)
because the complex defines that the function wrapper macros create
may not work with C/C++ compiler drivers.
These macros internally compute the flag needed to verbose linking
output and cache it in ac_cv_prog_f77_v or ac_cv_prog_fc_v
variables, respectively. The computed linker flags are cached in
ac_cv_f77_libs or ac_cv_fc_libs, respectively.
With many compilers, the Fortran libraries detected by
AC_F77_LIBRARY_LDFLAGS or AC_FC_LIBRARY_LDFLAGS provide
their own main entry function that initializes things like
Fortran I/O, and which then calls a user-provided entry function named
(say) MAIN__ to run the user’s program. The
AC_F77_DUMMY_MAIN and AC_FC_DUMMY_MAIN or
AC_F77_MAIN and AC_FC_MAIN macros figure out how to deal with
this interaction.
When using Fortran for purely numerical functions (no I/O, etc.) often
one prefers to provide one’s own main and skip the Fortran
library initializations. In this case, however, one may still need to
provide a dummy MAIN__ routine in order to prevent linking errors
on some systems. AC_F77_DUMMY_MAIN or AC_FC_DUMMY_MAIN
detects whether any such routine is required for linking, and
what its name is; the shell variable F77_DUMMY_MAIN or
FC_DUMMY_MAIN holds this name, unknown when no solution
was found, and none when no such dummy main is needed.
By default, action-if-found defines F77_DUMMY_MAIN or
FC_DUMMY_MAIN to the name of this routine (e.g., MAIN__)
if it is required. action-if-not-found defaults to
exiting with an error.
In order to link with Fortran routines, the user’s C/C++ program should then include the following code to define the dummy main if it is needed:
#ifdef F77_DUMMY_MAIN
# ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
# endif
int F77_DUMMY_MAIN () { return 1; }
#endif
(Replace F77 with FC for Fortran instead of Fortran 77.)
Note that this macro is called automatically from AC_F77_WRAPPERS
or AC_FC_WRAPPERS; there is generally no need to call it
explicitly unless one wants to change the default actions.
The result of this macro is cached in the ac_cv_f77_dummy_main or
ac_cv_fc_dummy_main variable, respectively.
As discussed above, many Fortran libraries allow you to provide an entry
point called (say) MAIN__ instead of the usual main, which
is then called by a main function in the Fortran libraries that
initializes things like Fortran I/O. The
AC_F77_MAIN and AC_FC_MAIN macros detect whether it is
possible to utilize such an alternate main function, and defines
F77_MAIN and FC_MAIN to the name of the function. (If no
alternate main function name is found, F77_MAIN and FC_MAIN are
simply defined to main.)
Thus, when calling Fortran routines from C that perform things like I/O, one should use this macro and declare the "main" function like so:
#ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif int F77_MAIN (int argc, char *argv[]);
(Again, replace F77 with FC for Fortran instead of Fortran 77.)
The result of this macro is cached in the ac_cv_f77_main or
ac_cv_fc_main variable, respectively.
Defines C macros F77_FUNC (name, NAME), FC_FUNC (name, NAME),
F77_FUNC_(name, NAME), and FC_FUNC_(name, NAME) to properly
mangle the names of C/C++ identifiers, and identifiers with underscores,
respectively, so that they match the name-mangling scheme used by the
Fortran compiler.
Fortran is case-insensitive, and in order to achieve this the Fortran
compiler converts all identifiers into a canonical case and format. To
call a Fortran subroutine from C or to write a C function that is
callable from Fortran, the C program must explicitly use identifiers in
the format expected by the Fortran compiler. In order to do this, one
simply wraps all C identifiers in one of the macros provided by
AC_F77_WRAPPERS or AC_FC_WRAPPERS. For example, suppose
you have the following Fortran 77 subroutine:
subroutine foobar (x, y)
double precision x, y
y = 3.14159 * x
return
end
You would then declare its prototype in C or C++ as:
#define FOOBAR_F77 F77_FUNC (foobar, FOOBAR) #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" /* prevent C++ name mangling */ #endif void FOOBAR_F77 (double *x, double *y);
Note that we pass both the lowercase and uppercase versions of the
function name to F77_FUNC so that it can select the right one.
Note also that all parameters to Fortran 77 routines are passed as
pointers (see Mixing Fortran 77 With C and C++).
(Replace F77 with FC for Fortran instead of Fortran 77.)
Although Autoconf tries to be intelligent about detecting the
name-mangling scheme of the Fortran compiler, there may be Fortran
compilers that it doesn’t support yet. In this case, the above code
generates a compile-time error, but some other behavior
(e.g., disabling Fortran-related features) can be induced by checking
whether F77_FUNC or FC_FUNC is defined.
Now, to call that routine from a C program, we would do something like:
{
double x = 2.7183, y;
FOOBAR_F77 (&x, &y);
}
If the Fortran identifier contains an underscore (e.g., foo_bar),
you should use F77_FUNC_ or FC_FUNC_ instead of
F77_FUNC or FC_FUNC (with the same arguments). This is
because some Fortran compilers mangle names differently if they contain
an underscore.
The name mangling scheme is encoded in the ac_cv_f77_mangling or
ac_cv_fc_mangling cache variable, respectively, and also used for
the AC_F77_FUNC and AC_FC_FUNC macros described below.
Given an identifier name, set the shell variable shellvar to
hold the mangled version name according to the rules of the
Fortran linker (see also AC_F77_WRAPPERS or
AC_FC_WRAPPERS). shellvar is optional; if it is not
supplied, the shell variable is simply name. The purpose of
this macro is to give the caller a way to access the name-mangling
information other than through the C preprocessor as above, for example,
to call Fortran routines from some language other than C/C++.
By default, the FC macros perform their tests using a .f
extension for source-code files. Some compilers, however, only enable
newer language features for appropriately named files, e.g., Fortran 90
features only for .f90 files, or preprocessing only with
.F files or maybe other upper-case extensions. On the other
hand, some other compilers expect all source files to end in .f
and require special flags to support other file name extensions. The
AC_FC_SRCEXT and AC_FC_PP_SRCEXT macros deal with these
issues.
The AC_FC_SRCEXT macro tries to get the FC compiler to
accept files ending with the extension .ext (i.e.,
ext does not contain the dot). If any special compiler
flags are needed for this, it stores them in the output variable
FCFLAGS_ext. This extension and these flags are then used
for all subsequent FC tests (until AC_FC_SRCEXT or
AC_FC_PP_SRCEXT is called another time).
For example, you would use AC_FC_SRCEXT(f90) to employ the
.f90 extension in future tests, and it would set the
FCFLAGS_f90 output variable with any extra flags that are needed
to compile such files.
Similarly, the AC_FC_PP_SRCEXT macro tries to get the FC
compiler to preprocess and compile files with the extension
.ext. When both fpp and cpp style
preprocessing are provided, the former is preferred, as the latter may
treat continuation lines, // tokens, and white space differently
from what some Fortran dialects expect. Conversely, if you do not want
files to be preprocessed, use only lower-case characters in the file
name extension. Like with AC_FC_SRCEXT(f90), any needed flags
are stored in the FCFLAGS_ext variable.
The FCFLAGS_ext flags can not be simply absorbed
into FCFLAGS, for two reasons based on the limitations of some
compilers. First, only one FCFLAGS_ext can be used at a
time, so files with different extensions must be compiled separately.
Second, FCFLAGS_ext must appear immediately before
the source-code file name when compiling. So, continuing the example
above, you might compile a foo.f90 file in your makefile with the
command:
foo.o: foo.f90
$(FC) -c $(FCFLAGS) $(FCFLAGS_f90) '$(srcdir)/foo.f90'
If AC_FC_SRCEXT or AC_FC_PP_SRCEXT succeeds in compiling
files with the ext extension, it calls action-if-success
(defaults to nothing). If it fails, and cannot find a way to make the
FC compiler accept such files, it calls action-if-failure
(defaults to exiting with an error message).
The AC_FC_SRCEXT and AC_FC_PP_SRCEXT macros cache their
results in ac_cv_fc_srcext_ext and
ac_cv_fc_pp_srcext_ext variables, respectively.
Find a flag to specify defines for preprocessed Fortran. Not all
Fortran compilers use -D. Substitute FC_DEFINE with
the result and call action-if-success (defaults to nothing) if
successful, and action-if-failure (defaults to failing with an
error message) if not.
This macro calls AC_FC_PP_SRCEXT([F]) in order to learn how to
preprocess a conftest.F file, but restores a previously used
Fortran source file extension afterwards again.
The result of this test is cached in the ac_cv_fc_pp_define
variable.
Try to ensure that the Fortran compiler ($FC) allows free-format
source code (as opposed to the older fixed-format style from Fortran
77). If necessary, it may add some additional flags to FCFLAGS.
This macro is most important if you are using the default .f
extension, since many compilers interpret this extension as indicating
fixed-format source unless an additional flag is supplied. If you
specify a different extension with AC_FC_SRCEXT, such as
.f90, then AC_FC_FREEFORM ordinarily succeeds without
modifying FCFLAGS. For extensions which the compiler does not
know about, the flag set by the AC_FC_SRCEXT macro might let
the compiler assume Fortran 77 by default, however.
If AC_FC_FREEFORM succeeds in compiling free-form source, it
calls action-if-success (defaults to nothing). If it fails, it
calls action-if-failure (defaults to exiting with an error
message).
The result of this test, or ‘none’ or ‘unknown’, is cached in
the ac_cv_fc_freeform variable.
Try to ensure that the Fortran compiler ($FC) allows the old
fixed-format source code (as opposed to free-format style). If
necessary, it may add some additional flags to FCFLAGS.
This macro is needed for some compilers alias names like xlf95
which assume free-form source code by default, and in case you want to
use fixed-form source with an extension like .f90 which many
compilers interpret as free-form by default. If you specify a different
extension with AC_FC_SRCEXT, such as .f, then
AC_FC_FIXEDFORM ordinarily succeeds without modifying
FCFLAGS.
If AC_FC_FIXEDFORM succeeds in compiling fixed-form source, it
calls action-if-success (defaults to nothing). If it fails, it
calls action-if-failure (defaults to exiting with an error
message).
The result of this test, or ‘none’ or ‘unknown’, is cached in
the ac_cv_fc_fixedform variable.
Try to ensure that the Fortran compiler ($FC) accepts long source
code lines. The length argument may be given as 80, 132, or
unlimited, and defaults to 132. Note that line lengths above 254
columns are not portable, and some compilers do not accept more than 132
columns at least for fixed format source. If necessary, it may add some
additional flags to FCFLAGS.
If AC_FC_LINE_LENGTH succeeds in compiling fixed-form source, it
calls action-if-success (defaults to nothing). If it fails, it
calls action-if-failure (defaults to exiting with an error
message).
The result of this test, or ‘none’ or ‘unknown’, is cached in
the ac_cv_fc_line_length variable.
The AC_FC_CHECK_BOUNDS macro tries to enable array bounds checking
in the Fortran compiler. If successful, the action-if-success
is called and any needed flags are added to FCFLAGS. Otherwise,
action-if-failure is called, which defaults to failing with an error
message. The macro currently requires Fortran 90 or a newer dialect.
The result of the macro is cached in the ac_cv_fc_check_bounds
variable.
Try to disallow implicit declarations in the Fortran compiler. If
successful, action-if-success is called and any needed flags
are added to FFLAGS or FCFLAGS, respectively. Otherwise,
action-if-failure is called, which defaults to failing with an error
message.
The result of these macros are cached in the
ac_cv_f77_implicit_none and ac_cv_fc_implicit_none
variables, respectively.
Find the Fortran 90 module file name extension. Most Fortran 90 compilers store module information in files separate from the object files. The module files are usually named after the name of the module rather than the source file name, with characters possibly turned to upper case, plus an extension, often .mod.
Not all compilers use module files at all, or by default. The Cray Fortran compiler requires -e m in order to store and search module information in .mod files rather than in object files. Likewise, the Fujitsu Fortran compilers uses the -Am option to indicate how module information is stored.
The AC_FC_MODULE_EXTENSION macro computes the module extension
without the leading dot, and stores that in the FC_MODEXT
variable. If the compiler does not produce module files, or the
extension cannot be determined, FC_MODEXT is empty. Typically,
the result of this macro may be used in cleanup make rules as
follows:
clean-modules:
-test -z "$(FC_MODEXT)" || rm -f *.$(FC_MODEXT)
The extension, or ‘unknown’, is cached in the
ac_cv_fc_module_ext variable.
Find the compiler flag to include Fortran 90 module information from
another directory, and store that in the FC_MODINC variable.
Call action-if-success (defaults to nothing) if successful, and
set FC_MODINC to empty and call action-if-failure (defaults
to exiting with an error message) if not.
Most Fortran 90 compilers provide a way to specify module directories. Some have separate flags for the directory to write module files to, and directories to search them in, whereas others only allow writing to the current directory or to the first directory specified in the include path. Further, with some compilers, the module search path and the preprocessor search path can only be modified with the same flag. Thus, for portability, write module files to the current directory only and list that as first directory in the search path.
There may be no whitespace between FC_MODINC and the following
directory name, but FC_MODINC may contain trailing white space.
For example, if you use Automake and would like to search ../lib
for module files, you can use the following:
AM_FCFLAGS = $(FC_MODINC). $(FC_MODINC)../lib
Inside configure tests, you can use:
if test -n "$FC_MODINC"; then FCFLAGS="$FCFLAGS $FC_MODINC. $FC_MODINC../lib" fi
The flag is cached in the ac_cv_fc_module_flag variable.
The substituted value of FC_MODINC may refer to the
ac_empty dummy placeholder empty variable, to avoid losing
the significant trailing whitespace in a Makefile.
Find the compiler flag to write Fortran 90 module information to
another directory, and store that in the FC_MODOUT variable.
Call action-if-success (defaults to nothing) if successful, and
set FC_MODOUT to empty and call action-if-failure (defaults
to exiting with an error message) if not.
Not all Fortran 90 compilers write module files, and of those that do,
not all allow writing to a directory other than the current one, nor
do all have separate flags for writing and reading; see the description
of AC_FC_MODULE_FLAG above. If you need to be able to write to
another directory, for maximum portability use FC_MODOUT before
any FC_MODINC and include both the current directory and the one
you write to in the search path:
AM_FCFLAGS = $(FC_MODOUT)../mod $(FC_MODINC)../mod $(FC_MODINC). …
The flag is cached in the ac_cv_fc_module_output_flag variable.
The substituted value of FC_MODOUT may refer to the
ac_empty dummy placeholder empty variable, to avoid losing
the significant trailing whitespace in a Makefile.
Next: Preprocessing Fortran 77, Up: Fortran 77 Support [Contents][Index]